The world-wide smallpox eradication program sponsored by the WHO has been successful. Furthermore the legislation regarding smallpox vaccination in the Federal Republic of Germany has been given a new form. The place of the previous mass-vaccination has been taken by vaccination of individuals. Under this aspect safe procedures for vaccination are required. Any vaccination used by Public Health Service has to fulfill the following criteria: High protection against the disease without adverse side-effects or risks; it should be simple to administer and applicable under ordinary circumstances. For primary vaccination against smallpox the MVA-vaccination meets these demands entirely. It is reported about own experiences with 700 vaccinations using the attenuated virus "MVA"; complete documentation is given. Not a single complication nor any adverse side-effects have been seen. The Public Health Service has gained great experience in the field of vaccination. It is responsible for the protection of the individual as well as the public, as it is undesirable that there develops and unvaccinated group within the population. The individual claim a complete protection through vaccination which should be absolutely free of any risk.