The review, which consist of two parts, summarizes literature data on all genetic markers used in population studies of Atlantic salmon. the second part of the review concerns analysis of DNA sequences: fragments of known genes, anonymous genome sequences, mini- and microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA. The main results of studies of the Atlantic salmon gene poll using DNA markers are discussed. Most of the markers examined in certain conditions may be under selection. The resolution power of various methods of DNA analysis and the fields of their use are considered in reference to Atlantic salmon.