Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease

Epidemiology. 2007 Jul;18(4):501-6. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338.

Abstract

Background: Carbonated beverage consumption has been linked with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones, all risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Cola beverages, in particular, contain phosphoric acid and have been associated with urinary changes that promote kidney stones.

Methods: We examined the relationship between carbonated beverages (including cola) and chronic kidney disease, using data from 465 patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease and 467 community controls recruited in North Carolina between 1980 and 1982.

Results: Drinking 2 or more colas per day was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-3.7). Results were the same for regular colas (2.1; 1.3-3.4) and artificially sweetened colas (2.1; 0.7-2.5). Noncola carbonated beverages were not associated with chronic kidney disease (0.94; 0.4-2.2).

Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that cola consumption may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Carbonated Beverages / adverse effects*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cola / adverse effects*
  • Feeding Behavior*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / epidemiology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • North Carolina / epidemiology
  • Odds Ratio
  • Risk Factors