Epidemiology. 1991 Sep;2(5):331-8.

Study designs for dependent happenings.

Source

Division of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329.

Abstract

In 1916, Sir Ronald Ross defined "dependent happenings" as events where the number affected in a unit of time depends on the number already affected. That is, the incidence depends on the prevalence, a characteristic of many infectious diseases. Because of this dependence, interventions against infectious diseases can have not only direct protective effects for the person receiving an intervention, but also indirect effects resulting from changes in the intensity of transmission in the population. This paper develops the conceptual framework for four types of study designs that differentiate and account for direct and indirect effects of intervention programs in dependent happenings.

PMID:: 1742381; [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Publication Types, MeSH Terms

Publication Types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH Terms

LinkOut - more resources

Supplemental Content

Save items

Related citations in PubMed

The behaviour of common measures of association used to assess a vaccination programme under complex disease transmission patterns--a computer simulation study of malaria vaccines. [Int J Epidemiol. 1990]
The behaviour of common measures of association used to assess a vaccination programme under complex disease transmission patterns--a computer simulation study of malaria vaccines.
Struchiner CJ, Halloran ME, Robins JM, Spielman A. Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Mar; 19(1):187-96.
Review Design and analysis issues in cluster-randomized trials of interventions against infectious diseases. [Stat Methods Med Res. 2000]
Review Design and analysis issues in cluster-randomized trials of interventions against infectious diseases.
Hayes RJ, Alexander ND, Bennett S, Cousens SN. Stat Methods Med Res. 2000 Apr; 9(2):95-116.
Review [The methods of population effectiveness studies for the infectious diseases]. [Przegl Epidemiol. 2009]
Review [The methods of population effectiveness studies for the infectious diseases].
Rosińska M. Przegl Epidemiol. 2009; 63(1):113-7.
Community interventions and the epidemic prevention potential. [Vaccine. 2002]
Community interventions and the epidemic prevention potential.
Halloran ME, Longini IM, Cowart DM, Nizam A. Vaccine. 2002 Sep 10; 20(27-28):3254-62.
Review Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men. [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008]
Review Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men.
Johnson WD, Diaz RM, Flanders WD, Goodman M, Hill AN, Holtgrave D, Malow R, McClellan WM. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16; (3):CD001230. Epub 2008 Jul 16.

See reviews... See all...

Cited by 15 PubMed Central articles

Toward a systems approach to enteric pathogen transmission: from individual independence to community interdependence. [Annu Rev Public Health. 2012]
Toward a systems approach to enteric pathogen transmission: from individual independence to community interdependence.
Eisenberg JN, Trostle J, Sorensen RJ, Shields KF. Annu Rev Public Health. 2012 Apr; 33:239-57. Epub 2012 Jan 3.
On influenza and school closings: time for prospective studies. [Epidemiology. 2009]
On influenza and school closings: time for prospective studies.
Halloran ME. Epidemiology. 2009 Nov; 20(6):793-5.
Strategies for pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the United States. [Am J Epidemiol. 2009]
Strategies for pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the United States.
Basta NE, Chao DL, Halloran ME, Matrajt L, Longini IM Jr. Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Sep 15; 170(6):679-86. Epub 2009 Aug 13.

See all...

Related information

Related Citations
Calculated set of PubMed citations closely related to the selected article(s) retrieved using a word weight algorithm. Related articles are displayed in ranked order from most to least relevant, with the “linked from” citation displayed first.
Cited in PMC
Full-text articles in the PubMed Central Database that cite the current articles.

Recent activity

Clear Turn Off Turn On

Study designs for dependent happenings.
Study designs for dependent happenings.
Epidemiology. 1991 Sep ;2(5):331-8.

PubMed
Mixed papillary-polypoid cystitis in a heifer.
Mixed papillary-polypoid cystitis in a heifer.
Can Vet J. 1990 Aug ;31(8):585-6.

PubMed
Q fever - a review.
Q fever - a review.
Can Vet J. 1990 Aug ;31(8):555-63.

PubMed
Eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-2 and eIF-3: interactions, structure and local...
Eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-2 and eIF-3: interactions, structure and localization in ribosomal initiation complexes.
Biochimie. 1991 Jul-Aug ;73(7-8):1007-19.

PubMed
The Universal Transverse Mercator Code: A location code for disease reporting.
The Universal Transverse Mercator Code: A location code for disease reporting.
Can Vet J. 1988 Oct ;29(10):825-9.

PubMed

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

PubMed

Result Filters

Display Settings:

Send to:

Study designs for dependent happenings.

Source

Abstract

Publication Types, MeSH Terms

Publication Types

MeSH Terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Supplemental Content

Save items

Related citations in PubMed

Cited by 15 PubMed Central articles

Related information

Recent activity

Simple NCBI Directory

Getting Started

Resources

Popular

Featured

NCBI Information