Purpose of review: Recent attention in liver transplantation has focused on equity in organ allocation and management of posttransplant complications.
Recent findings: Adoption of the model for end-stage liver disease for liver allocation has been successful in implementing a system based on medical urgency rather than waiting time. Refinements are being studied in improving the prediction of mortality and improving transplant benefit by balancing pretransplant mortality and posttransplant survival. Emerging literature is examining expansion of the current criteria for transplantation of hepatocellular carcinoma and the role of neoadjuvant therapy. Chronic renal dysfunction after liver transplantation is a source of considerable morbidity. Nephron-sparing immunosuppression regimens are emerging with encouraging results. Hepatitis C virus infection is difficult to differentiate histologically from rejection, although newer markers are being developed. Antiviral and immunosuppressive strategies for reducing the severity of hepatitis C virus recurrence are discussed. Alcohol relapse is common after liver transplant in alcoholic liver disease patients and can lead to worse outcomes.
Summary: Organ allocation tends to evolve under the model for end-stage liver disease with a focus on maximizing transplant benefit. Hepatitis C virus, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic renal dysfunction and alcohol relapse are major challenges, and continued research in these areas will undoubtedly lead to better outcomes for transplant recipients.