Activation of kinesin dimers by tubulin and microtubules. The microtubule (MT) or tubulin heterodimer (HD) stimulated steady state ATPase activity of kinesin was measured at 25°C using an enzyme-linked assay in 20 mM PIPES, pH 6.9, 5 mM MgCl2, 1mM DTT (Supplementary Material). Values for Vmax and Km were obtained by least squares fitting to plots of ATPase versus tubulin heterodimer concentration, using Kaleidagraph 3.6.4 (Synergy Software). (A) Vmax 38.1 s−1, Km 0.44 μM for heterodimers (HD), Vmax 36.4 s−1, Km 0.39 μM for microtubules (MT). (B) Vmax 0.9 s−1, Km 2.03 μM for HD, Vmax 12.2 s−1, Km 0.28 μM for MT. (C) Vmax 35.9 s−1, Km 1.29 μM for HD, Vmax 71.1 s−1, Km 0.62 μM for MT. (D) Vmax 4.0 s−1, Km 0.86 μM for HD, Vmax 17.0 s−1, Km 0.49 μM for MT.