Single-enzyme conversion of FMNH2 to 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the lower ligand of B12

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 20;104(8):2921-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0609270104. Epub 2007 Feb 14.

Abstract

The synthesis of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB), the lower ligand of coenzyme B(12), has remained elusive. We report in vitro and in vivo evidence that the BluB protein of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum is necessary and sufficient for catalysis of the O(2)-dependent conversion of FMNH(2) to DMB. The product of the reaction (DMB) was isolated by using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and its identity was established by UV-visible spectroscopy and MS. No metals were detected in homogeneous preparations of BluB, and the enzyme did not affect DMB synthesis from 4,5-dimethylphenylenediamine and ribose-5-phosphate. The effect of the lack of bluB function in R. rubrum was reflected by the impaired ability of a DeltabluB strain to convert Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MPE) into protochlorophylide, a reaction of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathway catalyzed by the MPE-cyclase enzyme present in this bacterium (BchE, EC 1.14.13.81), a predicted coenzyme B(12)-dependent enzyme. The growth defect of the DeltabluB strain observed under anoxic photoheterotrophic conditions was corrected by the addition of DMB or B(12) to the culture medium or by introducing into the strain a plasmid encoding the wild-type allele of bluB. The findings reported here close an important gap in our understanding of the enzymology of the assembly of coenzyme B(12).

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Benzimidazoles / metabolism*
  • Catalysis
  • Chlorophyll / biosynthesis
  • Flavin Mononucleotide / metabolism*
  • Heterotrophic Processes
  • Ligands
  • Mutant Proteins / metabolism
  • Oxygen / metabolism
  • Protoporphyrins / metabolism
  • Rhodospirillum rubrum / enzymology*
  • Rhodospirillum rubrum / growth & development
  • Sequence Homology
  • Vitamin B 12 / biosynthesis
  • Vitamin B 12 / metabolism*

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Benzimidazoles
  • Ligands
  • Mutant Proteins
  • Protoporphyrins
  • Chlorophyll
  • protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
  • 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
  • Flavin Mononucleotide
  • Vitamin B 12
  • Oxygen