OBJECTIVE: We compared and contrasted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, subclinical manifestations of CVD, incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and all-cause mortality by categories of impaired glucose regulation in nondiabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 6,888 participants aged 52-75 years who had no history of diabetes or CVD. All-cause mortality and incident CHD were ascertained over a median of 6.3 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Agreement between fasting and postchallenge glucose impairment was poor: 3,048 subjects (44%) had neither impaired fasting glucose (IFG) nor impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 1,690 (25%) had isolated IFG, 1,000 (14%) had isolated IGT, and 1,149 (17%) had both IFG and IGT. After adjustment for age, sex, race, and center, subjects with isolated IFG were more likely to smoke, consume alcohol, and had higher mean BMI, waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, and fasting insulin and lower HDL cholesterol than those with isolated IGT, while subjects with isolated IGT had higher mean triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and white cell counts. Measures of subclinical CVD and rates of all-cause mortality and incident CHD were similar in isolated IFG and isolated IGT. CONCLUSIONS: Neither isolated IFG nor isolated IGT was associated with a more adverse CVD risk profile.