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    Mol Microbiol. 2006 Dec;62(5):1220-7. Epub 2006 Oct 27.

    Mechanisms of action of isoniazid.

    Source

    College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. gtimmins@salud.umn.edu

    Abstract

    For decades after its introduction, the mechanisms of action of the front-line antituberculosis therapeutic agent isoniazid (INH) remained unclear. Recent developments have shown that peroxidative activation of isoniazid by the mycobacterial enzyme KatG generates reactive species that form adducts with NAD(+) and NADP(+) that are potent inhibitors of lipid and nucleic acid biosynthetic enzymes. A direct role for some isoniazid-derived reactive species, such as nitric oxide, in inhibiting mycobacterial metabolic enzymes has also been shown. The concerted effects of these activities - inhibition of cell wall lipid synthesis, depletion of nucleic acid pools and metabolic depression - drive the exquisite potency and selectivity of this agent. To understand INH action and resistance fully, a synthesis of knowledge is required from multiple separate lines of research - including molecular genetic approaches, in vitro biochemical studies and free radical chemistry - which is the intent of this review.

    PMID:
    17074073
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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