Expression profiles of kinesins and associated proteins during S. purpuratus development. Transcript level as predicted by relative abundance of kinesin-specific ESTs is shown for a kinesin-2 (Sp-KRP85 and its associated protein Sp-KAP), two kinesin-3s (Sp-KIF1A and Sp-KIF1B), a kinesin-12 (KRP180), and a kinesin-14 (Sp-Kinesin-C) in eggs, cleavage stage (cleav), blastula stage (blast), gastrula stage (gast), specifically in primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) and larvae. Expression levels appeared to peak during cleavage stage for several of the kinesins.

Phylogenetic relationship among the ten species of Eukaryotes based on CLIP170, fascin, gelsolin, lamin, myosin II, and profilin amino acid sequences. Values above each branch are the branch lengths based on a maximum likelihood analysis as described in the text. The values below each branch are the non-parametric bootstrap confidence values from a maximum likelihood analysis and the prior probabilities from a Bayesian analysis. All branches are shown regardless of the bootstrap or Bayesian support values. The basal portion of the tree showing the relationship among D. melanogaster, S. purpuratus, and C. elegans is relatively unresolved.

Phylogenetic placement of predicted S. purpuratus myosin, tubulin, kinesin, and dynein sequences. (A) Myosin gene family. (B) Tubulin gene superfamily. (C) Kinesin gene superfamily. (D) Dynein gene family. All four trees are majority rule bootstrap consensus trees inferred as described in the text using full-length gene amino acid sequences wherever available. Only clades with >50% bootstrap support are shown for the myosin, tubulin, and dynein consensus trees. For the kinesin data, because we used the full-length gene sequences, the complexity of the gene product, and the method used to generate the multiple sequence alignment, the resulting 50% majority rule bootstrap consensus tree was uninformative. Therefore the bootstrap consensus tree for this tree was generated using the “extended majority rule” criteria. All clades with a bootstrap value of < 20% were collapsed. In all four trees, branches have a bootstrap support of >70% unless indicated otherwise. A list of all sequences used in the four analyses as well as the multiple sequence alignments are available from the authors (SSM). Gene family designations and abbreviated gene names follow Hodge and Cope (2000) for the myosins, Dutcher (2003) for the tubulins, and Miki et al. (2005) for the kinesins. Nomenclature for dyneins follows FlyBase for Drosophila, Pazour et al.(2006) for Chlamydomonas, Asai and Wilkes (2004) for Tetrahymena, and the mammalian system (Wain et al., 2004) for other organisms. . The predicted S. purpuratus sequences are in bold and colored red. Genus species abbreviations are as follows. Ac: Acanthamoeba castellanii, Ag: Anopheles gambiae, Ai: Aequipecten irradians, At: Arabidopsis thaliana, Bm: Brugia malayi, Bt: Bos taurus, Cc: Cara coralline, Ce: Caenorhabditis elegans, Cf: Canis familiaris, Ci: Ciona intestinalis, Cr: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dd: Dictyostelium discoideum, Dm: Drosophila melanogaster, Dr: Danio rario, Ec: E. coli, Eg: Eremothecium gossypii, Eh: Entamoeba histolytica, En: Emiricella nidulans, Gg: Gallus gallus, Ha: Helianthus annus, Hs: Homo sapiens, Kl: Kluyveromyces lactis, Lp: Limulus polyphemus, Ma: Mesocricetus auratus, Mg: Magnaporthe grisea, Ml: Macaca mulatta, Mm: Mus musculus, Ms: Morone saxatilis, Nc: Neurospora crassa, Nv: Nematostella ventensis, Os: Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group), Ov: Onchocerca volvulus, Pf: Plasmodium falciparum, Pg: Pyricularia grisea, Rc: Rana catesbeiana, Rn: Rattus norvegicus, Sc: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scp: Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sp: Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Ss: Sus scrofa, Tg: Toxoplasma gondii, Tt: Tetrahymena thermophila, Xl: Xenopus laevis, Zm: Zea mays.