Synthetic genetic interactions between deletions of GGA, APL2, and ENT genes. (A) Synthetic growth defects. Wild-type (wt, SEY6210), gga1Δ gga2Δ (GPY3431), gga1Δ gga2Δ ent3Δ (GPY3683), gga1Δ gga2Δ ent5Δ (GPY3685), apl2Δ (GPY3100-4B), apl2Δ ent3Δ (GPY3688), and apl2Δ ent5Δ (GPY3690) cells were grown to midlogarithmic phase in YPD. Tenfold serial dilutions of cells were spotted onto solid YPD media and grown at 25°C for 4 d. (B) Synthetic α-factor maturation defects. Wild-type (wt, SEY6210; lane 1), ent3Δ (GPY2728; lane 2), ent5Δ (GPY2731; lane 3), ent3Δ ent5Δ (GPY2734; lane 4), gga1Δ (GPY2151; lane 5), gga2Δ (GPY2149; lane 6), gga1Δ gga2Δ (GPY3431; lane 7), gga1Δ gga2Δ ent3Δ (GPY3683; lane 8), gga1Δ gga2Δ ent5Δ (GPY3685; lane 9), apl2Δ (GPY3100-4B; lane 10), apl2Δ ent3Δ (GPY3688, lane 11), and apl2Δ ent5Δ (GPY3690; lane 12) cells were metabolically labeled for 45 min at 25°C and secreted α-factor was immunoprecipitated from the culture supernatants. Samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Precursor levels of α-factor were quantified by phosphoimage analysis.