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    Compr Ther. 2006 Spring;32(1):20-5.

    High-risk stress fractures: pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment.

    Murray SR, Reeder MT, Udermann BE, Pettitt RW.

    Department of Kinesiology, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA. smurrey@2mesastate.edu

    High-risk stress fractures require precise assessment and treatment because of their propensity for delayed union, nonunion, or complete fracture and their resulting disabling complications. Proper diagnosis necessitates a thorough clinical evaluation, centering on the patient's diet and history, particularly the training regimen. For a definitive diagnosis, plain radiography, ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imagery (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are helpful, and each plays a specific role. High-risk stress fractures typically require aggressive treatment such as nonweight-bearing immobilization coupled with therapy and often surgery.

    PMID: 16785578 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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