Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the internationally preferred term for chronic, progressive lung disorders which are characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The symptoms of COPD - including breathlessness, cough, excessive sputum production and reduced muscle tone and muscle wasting - reflect the complex pathophysiology of the disease. In order to address these symptoms, treatment regimens should take into account the multiple components that contribute to COPD. Clinical evidence has emerged indicating that, especially in patients with severe COPD, long-acting beta(2)-agonists (LABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) result in improvements in symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, and improve health-related quality of life. This review evaluates the clinical evidence for the potential of LABA/ICS treatment to address the symptoms of COPD and whether combination therapy of this nature adds significant benefit to patients.