Decellularized biological scaffolds have been used for the tissue engineering of heart valves with good results in the pulmonary circulation. However, little information is available on the recellularization of plain decellularized biological scaffolds in the systemic circulation. The aim of this study was to determine whether plain decellularized xenografts (PDXs) can recellularize with specific cell characterization in the systemic circulation. The xenogenic aortic valved conduit grafts of rabbits were implanted in the abdominal aorta of dogs after decellularization. The grafts were explanted at 4, 12, or 24 weeks after implantation for histological, immunohistochemical examination, scanning electron microscope, and Western blot analysis. Although the valvular structures were completely lost after implantation, supravalvular conduits showed normal shapes and endothelialization. The PDXs were repopulated with basic vascular cell components in approximate natural proportions without immunological responses. The PDXs had been recellularized with specific cell characterization in the systemic circulation.