In this paper, a cement pool culture experiment with three water treatments (waterlogging, drought, and moderate water supply) and two nitrogen levels (120 and 240 kg x hm(-2)) was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen supply on the flag leaf photosynthesis and grain starch accumulation of two wheat varieties from anthesis to maturity under soil drought and waterlogging. In comparing with moderate water supply, soil drought and waterlogging reduced the photosynthesis rate (Pn) and SPAD of flag leaf and dry matter accumulation. Nitrogen supply under drought increased Pn and SPAD, while that under waterlogging was in adverse. The total soluble sugar content in grain was reduced under both drought and waterlogging, while that in leaf was decreased under waterlogging but increased under drought. Under waterlogging, increasing nitrogen application rate reduced starch accumulation. The unit grain weight and the yields of grain and starch were reduced under both drought and waterlogging, but nitrogen application favored them under drought while in adverse under waterlogging. It was indicated that both leaf photosynthesis and grain starch accumulation could be regulated by nitrogen supply under stress of soil drought or waterlogging from anthesis to maturity of wheat.