Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. turnbull@usq.edu.au
Research shows that a large proportion of shade structures provide insufficient protection against the sun's ultraviolet light. Shade creation guidelines need to be updated. Community organisations such as child care centres and schools that need to provide effective shade are hindered by cost and building regulations. The protective function of shade structures is more important than their aesthetic appeal.