Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: contrast-enhanced MDCT

Abdom Imaging. 2006 Jan-Feb;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s00261-005-0367-8.

Abstract

With the introduction of multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), CT is being considered a potential diagnostic method for patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. On arterial phase MDCT images, active GI bleeding is typically identified as a focal area of high attenuation within the bowel lumen, which represents a collection of contrast material that has been extravasated in association with arterial bleeding. Additional CT findings suggestive of acute GI bleeding are focal dilatation of fluid-filled bowel segment noted on contrast-enhanced CT and acute hematoma on unenhanced CT. In addition to detection of active bleeding, an advantage of contrast-enhanced MDCT is the ability to demonstrate morphologic changes in the GI tract, which could suggest specific conditions that cause acute GI bleeding such as intestinal tumors. Arterial phase contrast-enhanced MDCT is rapid, noninvasive, and accurate in detecting and localizing sites of bleeding in patients with acute GI bleeding. Contrast-enhanced MDCT may be a promising diagnostic option in patients with acute GI bleeding.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Animals
  • Colonoscopy
  • Contrast Media
  • Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
  • Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / diagnostic imaging
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / diagnostic imaging*
  • Hematoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Radiographic Image Enhancement*
  • Radiology, Interventional
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*

Substances

  • Contrast Media