Schematic diagrams of plasmids possessing multiple influenza viral genes. (A) pTM-PolI-WSN-All for the transcription of all eight influenza viral RNAs from one template. Transcription units comprising the human RNA polymerase I promoter (blue, Pol I promoter), a cDNA encoding an influenza viral segment in negative-sense orientation (shown in different colors), and the mouse RNA polymerase I terminator (black, Pol I terminator) were combined on one plasmid by using unique recognition sites for restriction endonucleases. (B) pTM-PolI-WSN-PB2-PB1-PA-NP-M-NS and pTM-PolI-WSN-HA-NA for the transcription of six and two influenza viral RNAs, respectively, from one plasmid. These plasmids and the terminology were generated as outlined for pTM-PolI-WSN-All. (C) pC-PolII-WSN-PB2-PB1-PA for the transcription of PB2, PB1, and PA mRNAs from one plasmid. Transcription units comprising an RNA polymerase II promoter (dark blue, Pol II promoter) (i.e., the chicken β-actin promoter), the coding region for the respective viral protein (shown in different colors), and a polyadenylation sequence (gold, PolyA) were combined on one plasmid by using unique recognition sites for restriction endonucleases.