Last year there were a few important clinical data on long-term prognosis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Similarly, there were clinical data to support the role of eradication of H. pylori in the primary prevention of gastric cancer. We understand more about the host susceptibility as well as the pathogenetic mechanisms of the bacteria in the gastric mucosa. This article summarizes the important breakthroughs in H. pylori and gastric malignancies last year.