Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) came to the attention of the scientific community in the mid-1980s because of its association with the paraneoplastic syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Recently, a crucial role for the peptide has been identified in the metastatic growth of cancer cells in bone. Efforts to understand the peptide's role in these pathological processes have evolved into the study of PTHrP gene expression. Currently, regulation of the third PTHrP promoter is beginning to be understood in the context of activation of certain signaling pathways involved in the growth and progression of specific neoplasms. In addition, factors that modulate the entire PTHrP-transcriptional unit, as well as the stability of the mRNA, are being elucidated at the level of cis-acting sequences.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Base Sequence
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Bone Neoplasms / genetics
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Gene Expression
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
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Humans
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Methylation
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / metabolism
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Neoplasms / genetics*
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Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / genetics*
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Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / metabolism
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Vitamin D / pharmacology
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Vitamin D / therapeutic use
Substances
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Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
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Transcription Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Vitamin D
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases