The study on the soil and Paeonia ostii Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn at the copper-tailings reservoir of Tongling City, Anhui Province showed that the forms and contents of test heavy metals were differed in Paeonia ostii-planted and control soils. The Cu and Cd contents in control soil were 4.36-14.43 and 3.67-3.86 times of the 2nd national standard for soil environmental quality, respectively, and the composite pollution index of the heavy metals in Paeonia ostii-planted soil was up to 5.607. The heavy metals content in Paeonia ostii leaf and root-stem was in order of Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd, and that in Paeonia ostii stem and root- peel was Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd. The comparison of the heavy metals contents in Paeonia ostii with the criterion about herbal medicine showed that the Cu content in Paeonia ostii was 1.43-2.53 times of the criterion, and the Cd content was 1.17-3.17 times of the criterion.