Department of Medical Oncology, Room G89, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, USA.
The identification of key signalling pathways involved in immune-system regulation, along with the development of early pancreatic tumours in mouse models have provided new opportunities for pancreatic cancer treatment and prevention. Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer is one approach that is at a crucial crossroads, as therapeutics that are designed to target pancreatic-cancer-associated antigens and regulatory signalling molecules are entering clinical trials.