Nature. 2005 Jan 6;433(7021):1 p following 32; discussion following 32.

Human behaviour: Egalitarian motive and altruistic punishment.

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Department of Political Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA. jhfowler@ucdavis.edu

Abstract

Altruistic punishment is a behaviour in which individuals punish others at a cost to themselves in order to provide a public good. Fehr and Gächter present experimental evidence in humans indicating that negative emotions towards non-cooperators motivate punishment, which, in turn, provokes a high degree of cooperation. Using Fehr and Gächter's original data, we provide an alternative analysis of their experiment that suggests that egalitarian motives are more important than motives for punishing non-cooperative behaviour. This finding is consistent with evidence that humans may have an evolutionary incentive to punish the highest earners in order to promote equality, rather than cooperation.

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Nature. 2002 Jan 10;415(6868):137-40.

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