Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a well known side effect of hormone stimulation in assisted reproduction. New treatments using minimal amounts of gonadotropins or no hormone supplementation may reduce this risk. In-vitro maturation (IVM) is a treatment where final oocyte maturation is achieved in the laboratory. Results have been acceptable and this method may provide a low-risk and cost-effective alternative to traditional IVF. IVM would thus avoid the high amounts of exogenous gonadotropins required for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Currently, only a few teams internationally are pursuing research in this field of human reproduction. IVM is a promising treatment alternative and can be recommended especially for patients at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.