Effects of overexpressed CpxR or NlpE on ung and cpxP transcription. BW25113(pCA24ΔGFP) (A and B, lanes 1, 2, 5, and 6) and BW25113(p41-5ΔGFP) (A and B, lanes 3, 4, 7, and 8) were grown to mid-log phase (OD600, 0.6) in the absence (A and B, lanes 1, 3, 5, and 7) or presence (A and B, lanes 2, 4, 6, and 8) of 1 mM IPTG. S1 nuclease assays for ung (A) and cpxP (B) transcripts were performed as described in Materials and Methods. BW25113(pBAD18) (C and D, lanes 1, 2, 5, and 6) and BW25113(pBADnlpE) (C and D, lanes 3, 4, 7, and 8) were grown to mid-log phase (OD600, 0.6) in the absence (C and D, lanes 1, 3, 5, and 7) or presence (C and D, lanes 2, 4, 6, and 8) of 0.2% arabinose. After that, S1 nuclease assays for ung (C) and cpxP (D) transcripts were performed. Lane AG represents the Maxam-Gilbert sequence ladder. The transcription start site is marked with an asterisk.