Abstract

The human genome sequencing and also the chimpanzee's, among others alive beings in every kingdom, and the similarities between genomes, due to an unique life origin, has developed two movements in the Biological Sciences to the XXI Century. In the first place to find a genetic explanation to understand the genomic affinity, very narrow in many cases, in front of the reality, with abyssal differences in behavior, which undervalue the significance of the genomic resemblance between the alive beings. The second movement is directed to ethological studies of the animal behavior and conduct, as a real fact. Special interest has the comparative studies since the two points of view, the genome and proteome in one side and ethology in front, both related to the Homo sapiens sapiens and his relatives, the great anthropomorphic apes, and consequently beside the names of Craig Venter, Collins and collaborators, artificers of the human genome sequencing, appear, unde revaluation, those of Leakey, Goodall, Fossey and Galdikas, specialists in anthropology and ethology of chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. These ideas are complementary in order to a better understanding of the origin, human evolution and behavior, shedding light on human cognitive abilities.