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    Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Nov;4(11):868-77.

    Retroviral restriction by APOBEC proteins.

    Harris RS, Liddament MT.

    Source

    University of Minnesota, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Department, 321 Church Street South East, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. rsh@umn.edu

    Abstract

    A powerful mechanism of vertebrate innate immunity has been discovered in the past year, in which APOBEC proteins inhibit retroviruses by deaminating cytosine residues in nascent retroviral cDNA. To thwart this cellular defence, HIV encodes Vif, a small protein that mediates APOBEC degradation. Therefore, the balance between APOBECs and Vif might be a crucial determinant of the outcome of retroviral infection. Vertebrates have up to 11 different APOBEC proteins, with primates having the most. APOBEC proteins include AID, a probable DNA mutator that is responsible for immunoglobulin-gene diversification, and APOBEC1, an RNA editor with antiretroviral activities. This APOBEC abundance might help to tip the balance in favour of cellular defences.

    PMID:
    15516966
    [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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