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    Child Dev. 2004 Sep-Oct;75(5):1575-93.

    Developmental and individual differences in girls' sex-typed activities in middle childhood and adolescence.

    McHale SM, Shanahan L, Updegraff KA, Crouter AC, Booth A.

    Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. x2u@psu.edu

    Girls' time in sex-typed leisure activities was studied across 2 years in middle childhood (n = 98, M = 8.2 years in Year 1), early adolescence (n = 106, M = 11.7 years), and middle adolescence (n = 86, M = 14.9 years). In annual home interviews, White middle-class girls, mothers, and fathers rated their gendered attitudes, interests, and personality qualities, and saliva samples were used to assess testosterone; activity data were collected in 7 nightly phone interviews. Girls spent more time in feminine than masculine activities except in early adolescence. Girls' and parents' personalities and interests predicted sex-typed activities at each developmental period, but associations between testosterone and activities emerged only in middle childhood.

    PMID: 15369532 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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