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1: Arch Intern Med. 2004 Sep 13;164(16):1729-36.Click here to read Links

Preoperative evaluation for major noncardiac surgery: focusing on heart failure.

Hernandez AF, Newby LK, O'Connor CM.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

The number of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery has steadily increased over the last decade. Cardiovascular complications are important and often feared by patients, surgeons, and anesthesiologists. Although preoperative risk assessment has improved since Goldman and colleagues published their landmark article that introduced the Multifactorial Index of Cardiac Risk 25 years ago, it continues to require modification, especially with the increasing prevalence of heart failure and the increase in procedures performed in the elderly. This review will summarize preoperative assessment and perioperative management with an emphasis on heart failure.

PMID: 15364665 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]