260 patients with type I diabetes treated in Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases Clinic of Emergency District Hospital Dolj, were included in the selective screening program, for evaluation the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. The results of this screening were determine both including all new cases and reevaluating all the old cases, because the progression of ocular lesions under treatment. The retrospective study of 156 patients revealed the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in 35.2% at the time of implementation of the screening program, being 50.2% after 5 years of continuous surveillance. From 10,000 followed-up patients, the type I of insulin-dependent diabetes represents 13.3%. The incidence of new cases is minimal in the age group 0-10 years (1.9%) and the retinopathy was absent. The maximal prevalence was after 25 years old, being present in 69 cases from 164.