The authors compare perinatal results in insulin treated diabetic women who were followed up in the out-patient department of the Second Gynaecological and Obstetric Clinic of the Masaryk University in Brno. In 1980-1984 148 pregnant diabetic women were followed up and in 1985-1991 when self-monitoring has become part of comprehensive treatment of pregnant diabetics in our department, 279 women were followed up. The patients were monitored during pregnancy by a diabetologist and gynaecologist. Other members of the team are a paediatrician, geneticist, psychologist, dietitian, and educational nurse. As to laboratory parameters, short-term and long-term compensation of diabetes were monitored. Systematic preconception preparation of diabetic patients, with an attempt to achieve normal blood sugar levels and genetic examination of both partners from part of comprehensive care. The results achieved in our department revealed a statistically significant decline of the incidence of foetopathies in neonates at the 5% level of significance and a decline of hypoglycaemia in foetuses at the 0.1% level.