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1: Biophys J. 2004 Feb;86(2):1169-76.Click here to read Click here to read Links

Sensitivity of second harmonic generation from styryl dyes to transmembrane potential.

Millard AC, Jin L, Wei MD, Wuskell JP, Lewis A, Loew LM.

Department of Physiology and Center for Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1507, USA.

In this article we present results from the simultaneous nonlinear (second harmonic generation and two-photon excitation fluorescence) imaging and voltage clamping of living cells. Specifically, we determine the sensitivity to transmembrane potential of second harmonic generation by ANEP-chromophore styryl dyes as a function of excitation wavelength and dye structure. We have measured second harmonic sensitivities of up to 43% per 100 mV, more than a factor of four better than the nominal voltage sensitivity of the dyes under "one-photon" fluorescence. We find a dependence of voltage sensitivity on excitation wavelength that is consistent with a two-photon resonance, and there is a significant dependence of voltage sensitivity on the structure of the nonchromophore portion of the dyes.

PMID: 14747351 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

PMCID: PMC1303909

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