This statement summarizes the current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening for thyroid disease and updates the 1996 recommendations on this topic. The complete USPSTF recommendation statement on this topic, which includes a brief review of the supporting evidence, is available through the USPSTF Web site (http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov), the National Guideline Clearinghouse (http://www.guideline.gov), and in print through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Publications Clearinghouse (telephone, 800-358-9295; e-mail, ahrqpubs.gov). The complete information on which this statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available in the accompanying article in this issue and in the summary of the evidence and systematic evidence review on the Web sites already mentioned. The recommendation statement and article are also available in print through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Publications Clearinghouse.