This study has the objective of discussing the Vygotsky's perspective as a new approach for the health education for people with Glaucoma. This theoretical model is justified by the possibility it offers for understanding that the person is a social being within a process of constant change and transformation. It points out theoretical bases for guiding the educational actions, correlating them with the importance of recognizing emotions, affections, and the potentiality of people as they deal with the illness and learn to take the medication.