Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1976 Dec 21;51(1):15-22.

Anticholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs and their relation to extrapyramidal side-effects.

Abstract

The effects of haloperidol, alone and in combination with atropine, were compared with the effects of clozapine, alone and in combination with physostigmine, in a variety of tests commonly used to characterize neuroleptic compounds. It was found that clozapine in combination with physostigmine did not present the profile of activity of a classical neuroleptic agent; neither did haloperidol in combination with atropine present that of clozapine. In fact, some effects of haloperidol (catalepsy) were antagonized by atropine, while others (induction of striatal DA-receptor hypersensitivity) were enhanced. It is concluded that the interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in the striatum is highly complex, and that a neuroleptic possessing both potent DA-receptor blocking and muscarinic anticholinergic activity, while being less likely to cause parkinsonism in patients, would be more likely to induce tardive dyskinesias.

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Effects of chronic administration of neuroleptic and anticholinergic agents on densities of D2 dopamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat striatum. [J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988]
Effects of chronic administration of neuroleptic and anticholinergic agents on densities of D2 dopamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat striatum.
Boyson SJ, McGonigle P, Luthin GR, Wolfe BB, Molinoff PB. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Mar; 244(3):987-93.
[Effects of anticholinergics and clozapine on the activation of the striatal dopaminergic system in the rat by haloperidol. Pharmacological findings (author's transl)]. [Arzneimittelforschung. 1976]
[Effects of anticholinergics and clozapine on the activation of the striatal dopaminergic system in the rat by haloperidol. Pharmacological findings (author's transl)].
Sayers AC, Bürki HR. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976; 26(6):1092-3.
[Effects of anticholinergics and clozapine on the activation of the striatal dopaminergic system in the rat by haloperidol. Neurochemical findings (author's transl)]. [Arzneimittelforschung. 1976]
[Effects of anticholinergics and clozapine on the activation of the striatal dopaminergic system in the rat by haloperidol. Neurochemical findings (author's transl)].
Bürki HR, Sayers AC, Ruch W, Asper H. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976; 26(6):1094-6.
Review The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs. [Psychol Med. 1980]
Review The pathophysiology of extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs.
Marsden CD, Jenner P. Psychol Med. 1980 Feb; 10(1):55-72.
Review Antipsychotic drugs which elicit little or no parkinsonism bind more loosely than dopamine to brain D2 receptors, yet occupy high levels of these receptors. [Mol Psychiatry. 1998]
Review Antipsychotic drugs which elicit little or no parkinsonism bind more loosely than dopamine to brain D2 receptors, yet occupy high levels of these receptors.
Seeman P, Tallerico T. Mol Psychiatry. 1998 Mar; 3(2):123-34.

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Anticholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs and their relation to extrapyr...
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Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1976 Dec 21 ;51(1):15-22.

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Anticholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs and their relation to extrapyramidal side-effects.

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