The surface of synthetic vascular grafts is thrombogenic, which implies a risk for their occlusion. The aim of the study was to evaluate expression of coagulation components in the polyester vascular grafts neointima. The study was carried out on 18 dogs, which underwent replacement of the abdominal aorta with a polyester prosthesis. Grafts were removed after 1, 4 and 12 months. Immunohistochemical labeling for von Willebrand factor, tissue factor, factor XII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, thrombomodulin, protein C, protein S and prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2 was performed. Increasing intensity of von Willebrand factor expression was found in successive periods of the study. Factor XII was shown in the whole neointima after 1 month, whereas in the following periods its presence was limited to the luminal surface. Tissue factor expression was demonstrated after 1 month and its intensity increased in later periods. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thrombomodulin expression was demonstrated after 4 and 12 months. Protein C and protein S were present in all observation periods, as well as prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2. Results indicate a high thrombotic potential of the graft neointima early after prosthesis implantation, whereas in the late postoperative follow-up increasing expression of coagulation inhibitors reduces thrombotic properties of the graft neointima.