AIM: To review surgical results of the Armenian Eye Care Project's (AECP) efforts in paediatric glaucoma and to identify additional morbidity associated with its initial itinerant nature. METHODS: A non-randomised, retrospective historical cohort study of complicated paediatric glaucoma surgeries was performed by the AECP at the Republican Eye Hospital. 38 eyes of 34 paediatric patients underwent mitomycin C trabeculectomies (MMCT) (n = 20) or Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) placements (n = 18) for complicated paediatric glaucomas. The median age was 12.5 years with a range of 6-17 years. Three clinical groups were represented: congenital glaucoma, Frank Kamenetsky syndrome (a glaucoma associated with uveitis), and Rieger's syndrome. RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures were similar for the two groups (MMCT v AGV = 30 v 32 mm Hg and 13.5 v 14.8 mm Hg, respectively; p>0.05, t test). The AGV group was twice as likely to use medications postoperatively (44% v 23%; p<0.05, t test). The MMCT group was more likely to have a three line drop in visual acuity than the AGV group (28% v 12%; p<0.05, t test). The decreased visual acuity found postoperatively was most commonly secondary to cataract formation. CONCLUSION: Total success rates were similar in the two surgical treatment groups. These compared favourably with success rates reported for non-itinerant surgery. Postoperative complications worsened by the itinerant nature of the project were few and represented 5% of the total surgical interventions. Ultimately, the installation of fellowship trained specialists is the most effective approach to minimising this problem and is recommended by the AECP as a strategy for developing and recovering countries.