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The Kveim-test was studied in a geographical area (São Paulo, Brazil) not yet investigated, and leprosy patients were also tested. One hundred and forty seven patients from a general hospital who had had the possibility of sarcoidosis, as a differential diagnosis, were tested with Kveim suspension. Another group of 13 patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of leprosy (10 with tuberculoid leprosy lepromin-positive and 3 with indetermined leprosy) was also tested with Kveim suspension. Sixteen Kveim-tests (10 per cent) with sarcoid granulomatous reaction revealed histologically were considered positive. Three patients with sarcoidosis for more than 3 years gave negative Kveim-test. Four patients with positive Kveim-test had respectively lymphosarcoma, Crohn's disease, lung fibrosis and concurrent tuberculosis infection. Nine positive Kveim-tests (5.6 per cent) were coincident with sarcoidosis. Thirteen leprosy patients (ten tuberculoid) gave negative Kveim-test.
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