PIP: Since 1993, 12 US states have asked for federal permission to expand eligibility for Medicaid-covered family planning services. The US government has granted permission to five of these states. Federal and state funds would support the proposed programs. California, not one of the 12 states, did not seek federal permission but is using its own funds to expand family planning services for all women whose incomes are between the regular Medicaid income ceiling and 200% of poverty. Providers would certify eligibility. Women would not need to go to a welfare agency for eligibility determination in California. Illinois, Maryland, Rhode Island, and South Carolina have received permission to extend eligibility for family planning services beyond the normal 60-day postpartum termination date to as long as five years. Missouri, New York, and Washington have requested permission to extend the postpartum period from 10 to 24 months. The US government approved Delaware's plan to extend Medicaid coverage for family planning services for two years after the termination of regular Medicaid benefits for any reason. Texas hopes to receive permission for a similar demonstration project. Arkansas, Michigan, New Mexico, and South Carolina hope to receive permission to grant Medicaid coverage of family planning services to any woman with a family income up to a specified income level (e.g., Michigan and New Mexico, 185% of poverty). All these programs will likely increase the availability of family planning services for many low-income women while reducing the overall cost to government, especially since most of the women would be eligible for Medicaid-funded maternity care if they became pregnant and give birth. South Carolina estimates that Medicaid-funded family planning services to women for 24 months after childbirth will save the federal and state governments $20 million over five years. A recent Guttmacher Institute study shows that every dollar spent on contraception saves $3 that would otherwise have to be spent through Medicaid for pregnancy-related and newborn care.