The clinical syndrome of sepsis is common, increasing in incidence and responsible for as many deaths annually as ischaemic heart disease. Two recent interventional trials have demonstrated that early recognition and intervention can result in dramatic reductions in acute (28-day) mortality. This roundtable discussion was convened to identify ways in which these recent advances could be translated into clinical practice. The first obstacle surrounds the woolly and confusing terminology surrounding 'sepsis' with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) model largely discredited. Overcoming this should facilitate wider recognition, not only among health care providers (in particular those working in acute specialties outside intensive care units [ICUs]) but also politicians and the general public. Such education is vital if early recognition and intervention are to be successfully implemented.