Quantum-optical catalysis: generating nonclassical states of light by means of linear optics

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Jun 24;88(25 Pt 1):250401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.250401. Epub 2002 Jun 5.

Abstract

We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t[0>+alpha]1> of the electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beam splitter. This state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state [alpha> and a single-photon Fock state [1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter output. The single photon thus plays a role of a "catalyst:" it is explicitly present in both the input and the output channels of the interaction yet facilitates generation of a nonclassical state of light.