The number of cancer survivors in the United States is increasing, but little is known about this population, including its use of vitamin/mineral supplements. We combined data on vitamin/mineral use from the 1987 and 1992 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Epidemiology Supplement (CES) for cancer survivors: persons reporting a diagnosis of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer > 5 yr before their interviews [n = 461 (1987) and 228 (1992)] and persons reporting no history of cancer [n = 20,851 (1987) and 11,186 (1992)]. For both groups, we calculated gender-specific proportions (adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and poverty index) for use of multivitamins, vitamins A, C, and E, and calcium during the year before each survey. Supplement use was similar in survivors and persons reporting no history of cancer. Among survivors, calcium use was significantly higher among women (34.9%) than men (13.8%), and vitamin A use was higher among men than women (P < 0.05). Over three-fourths of both groups used multivitamins, and about one-half used vitamin C. No differences were found in vitamin/mineral use between male survivors and men with no cancer history or between female survivors and women with no cancer history. These first nationally representative estimates suggest that persons who have survived cancer and those who report that they never had the disease do not differ appreciably in their use of vitamin/mineral supplements. Results were based on small numbers of survivors, however, and require replication.