Source
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK. s.karlsen@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
This study explored associations between racism, social class, and health among ethnic minority people in England and Wales.
METHODS:
We conducted a series of regression analyses on cross-sectional data from the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities to explore the relation between different indicators of racism and health and household occupational class.
RESULTS:
Marked independent associations existed between reported experience of racism and perceptions of Britain as a "racist society," household social class, age, sex, and various mental and physical health indicators. These associations showed reasonable consistency across the different ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS:
The different ways in which racism may manifest itself (as interpersonal violence, institutional discrimination, or socioeconomic disadvantage) all have independent detrimental effects on health, regardless of the health indicator used.