In the superior colliculus of chimpanzee, three classes of neurons can be identified by ultrastructural criteria. They are 1) marginal cells located in the stratum zonale, 2) collicular relay cells in the stratum griseum superficiale and 3) presynaptic dendrite (PSD) cells, i.e., neurons with presynaptic specializations in soma and/or dendrites. PSD cells are the smallest neurons in the stratum griseum superficiale; they have a relatively large, deeply infolded nucleus and a small rim of cytoplasm rich in free ribosomes. PSD cells are sufficiently different from the two other classes of neurons to be reliably identified at the ultrastructural level. They closely resemble presynaptic neurons as described in the lateral geniculate nucleus of other mammalian species. Presynaptic dendrites in continuity with PSD cells are rich in organelles, especially ribosomal cluster, and establish en passage contact with other dendrites. Another type of presynaptic dendrite, poor in organelles, except for bundles of microtubules, could not be traced back to its parent neuron. Homo- or heterogeneity of PSD cells is discussed. No amxon was traced from a PSD cell.