Heterotopic tracheal allografts in small rodents have been shown to share many characteristics with the development of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in the clinic and therefore provide a suitable animal model for the study of OB. The model facilitates the examination of the pathogenesis of the disease and the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its development. The model provides a less technically demanding alternative to whole lung transplantation in small rodents and should lead to a speedier identification of new treatments that might prevent the development of post-transplantation OB in the clinic.