Rapid removal of dissolved dilute lead (Pb) by pyroaurite-like compound Mg(x)Fe(y)(OH)2(x+y) (CO3(2-))y/2 x mH2O; anionic clay: one of layered double hydroxides) from water was studied through batch and column experiments. The Pb-removal property of the compound was evaluated as a function of concentration of Pb in the treated solution, space velocity (Sv) of the solution in the column packed with the compound, pH of the solution and contaminated humic substance. The compound showed a highly effective Pb-removal property that was comparable to the other conventional adsorbents. The Pb was removed rapidly by the column packed with the compound over the wide range of the Sv. The buffering pH function of the compound contributed to the Pb removal producing weak-alkali atmosphere. The contamination of humic substance in the treated solution reduced the Pb removal largely depending on its amount. The effectiveness of the compound for the rapid Pb removal was confirmed through a series of experiments.