Abstract

Repeated exposure to mu-opioid analgesics produces unwanted side effects, including tolerance and physical dependence. delta-Opioid antagonists attenuate development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence. We recently reported that SoRI 9409, a mixed mu-agonist/delta-antagonist, produces antinociception with limited development of tolerance after repeated i.c.v. injections. The current studies report on a more complete characterization of the compound in male ICR mice. SoRI 9409 produced limited antinociceptive effects in the 55 degrees C tail-flick test and full agonist effects in the acetic acid writhing assay after i.c.v. or i.p. administration. Repeated i.p. administration of A(90) doses of SoRI 9409 did not produce tolerance. The agonist effects of the compound were preferentially blocked by the mu-selective antagonist beta-funaltrexamine. The kappa-antagonist nor-binaltorphimine produced partial antagonism, whereas the delta-antagonist naltrindole had no effect on SoRI 9409 antinociception. Intraperitoneal administration of SoRI 9409 preferentially antagonized the antinociceptive actions of the delta-2 agonist [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]deltorphin over the delta-1 agonist cyclic[D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin and the mu-agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin. SoRI 9409 did not antagonize the antinociceptive effects of the kappa-agonist U69,593 (doses up to 60 mg/kg). SoRI 9409 (10 mg/kg i.p.) elicited much less vertical jumping than naloxone (10 mg/kg i.p.) in acute and chronic morphine dependence models. SoRI 9409 also suppressed withdrawal jumping when coadministered with naloxone. These studies indicate that SoRI 9409 acts primarily as a partial mu-agonist/delta-antagonist and supports the hypothesis that this type of compound may have a better therapeutic profile than currently available mu-agonists.