Living T9 glioma cells expressing membrane macrophage colony-stimulating factor produce immediate tumor destruction by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages via a "paraptosis"-induced pathway that promotes systemic immunity against intracranial T9 gliomas.
Chen Y, Douglass T, Jeffes EW, Xu Q, Williams CC, Arpajirakul N, Delgado C, Kleinman M, Sanchez R, Dan Q, et al. Blood. 2002 Aug 15; 100(4):1373-80.