Hemorrhoids are a pathophysiological consequence of hyperplasia of the corpus cavernosum recti, and can be classified into three grades of severity. Clinically, they usually manifest in the form of peri-anal bleeding, a diffuse sensation of discomfort, itching and secretion of mucus. The diagnosis is established on the basis of the dinical presentation. Treatment is mainly conservative, but is likely to be successful only in the early stages. Already second degree symptomatic hemorrhoids require definitive treatment. Although peri-anal thrombosis is sometimes a very painful condition, it is usually harmless. If pain is severe, surgical incision is indicated.