Implementing osteoporosis prevention strategies through lifestyle modification and pharmacologic treatment reduces patient morbidity and mortality, as well as the cost to the healthcare system. All women should be advised about their risk factors and educated about options to reduce the risk. The primary care physician plays a crucial role in identifying women at risk who are most likely to benefit from intervention. Treatment decisions should be based on each woman's medical history and personal preferences. The optimal duration of treatment, especially with the newer agents, such as the SERMs and bisphosphonates, requires further investigation.